Proteins - Peptide synthesis (review) - Synthesis of semisynthetic proteins (expressed protein ligation) - Genetic strategies for protein engineering - Chemical tools for targeted modifications of proteins - Industrial application: PEGylation of therapeutic proteins - Industrial application: Generation of engineered lipases for application in detergents Nucleic Acids - Solid Phase Oligonucleotide Synthesis (chemical differences to biosynthesis) - Chemical synthesis of RNA - Industrial application: Synthesis of modified bases carrying fluorophores and chemical tags for immobilization of relevance in DNA microarrays and sequencing technology Lipids - Application: Biofuels