| The skills required to achieve these competencies are:
- Identify and analyze the allocation of responsibilities among the players in the European energy system, including lawmakers, regulatory bodies, and enterprises (k2, k4)
- Analyze energy market mechanisms and their regulatory frameworks (k2, k4)
- Assess the impact of EU energy and climate policies on businesses and households (k2, k5)
- Interpret economic and regulatory implications of policy developments (k3, k5)
- Analyze corporate strategies in the context of evolving EU energy policy (k4)
- Apply policy and regulatory concepts to real-world energy sector cases (k5)
- Develop informed positions on energy policy debates (k2, k6)
- Communicate complex energy market and policy issues clearly in written and oral form (k2, k5)
- Translate regulatory developments into strategic recommendations for enterprises (k2, k6)
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The knowledge required to achieve these competencies includes:
- The historical development and current structure of the European Union’s energy system
- The principles and functioning of the EU internal energy market for electricity and gas, including the separation of production, transmission, and supply (unbundling)
- Regulation and tariff design of EU energy grids
The roles and responsibilities of key EU and national institutions (e.g. European Commission, ACER, ENTSO-E, NRAs)
- The economic rationale behind energy market liberalization, competition, and unbundling
- The design and operation of energy-related markets, including:
- Electricity wholesale and retail markets
- Natural gas markets and infrastructure access
- EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS)
- Regulatory approaches to market design, price formation, and grid access
- Mechanisms to support renewable energy integration, energy efficiency, and system flexibility
- The role of regulation in driving the energy transition and achieving decarbonization targets
- Challenges and trends in EU energy governance, such as energy security, affordability, and sustainability
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