- Students will be able to reproduce the basics of physics in the fields of mechanics, electrostatics, thermodynamics and optics (K2).
- They can name important basics of atomic physics (K2).
- They develop an understanding of the basic mechanisms of imaging techniques (K2).
- In the field of chemistry, students can name and explain general chemical principles (K2). They are able to describe principles of chemical equilibrium, basics of kinetics, the acid-base concept and redox chemistry (K2).
- They can explain the principles of bonds, interactions, functional groups and reactions (K2).
- They understand the principles of macromolecules and can reproduce the structures and properties of medically relevant active substances (K2).
- The students can explain the structure (chirality, peptide bond, helices, b-sheet) function (catalysis, allostery, O2 bond) and meaning of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic acids and their components (K2).
- Students can explain the basic metabolic processes (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, citrate cycle, coricycle) and explain the structure and basic functions of biological membranes (including membrane potential) (K2).
- The students can explain the information flow of DNA-RNA-protein (K2) and the basics of molecular genetics around structure of DNA, chromosomes and genes including DNA replication, DNA damage and repair mechanisms (K3).
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Basics of physics: Introduction (forces, units, basic quantities); mechanics (motion, force, pressure, conservation laws, translation, rotation, work, energy, momentum, oscillations, waves, mechanics of liquids); electrostatics (charges, potential, electric field, voltage, direct current, conductor, resistance, magnetic field, alternating current, electromagnetic waves); Thermodynamics (temperature, internal energy, heat, states of aggregation, gas laws, osmosis, anomaly of water); optics (geometric optics, optical devices and eye, wave optics); atomic physics (atom, atomic nucleus, radioactivity, ionizing radiation); basics of imaging techniques (X-ray, CT, MR).
Fundamentals of chemistry: General chemical principles; thermodynamics and chemical equilibrium; acid-base concept, chemical analysis; structures, nomenclature; weak interactions, bonds; reaction kinetics; functional groups; reactions, redox chemistry; macromolecules; medically relevant active substances.
Basics of biochemistry: Proteins (structure, properties, chirality, peptide binding, folding, secondary and tertiary structures, misfolding, protein architecture, enzymes, coenzymes, cofactors, classes, catalysis mechanisms, allosteric regulation, O2-binding proteins, peptide hormones); carbohydrates (mono- and di-saccharides, glycosidic bonds, glycogenes, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, coricycle, sugar of the blood group system); Lipids (fatty acids, neutral fat, phospholipids, beta oxidation, citric acid cycle); metabolism (biological membranes, osmosis, electrochemical gradient, electron transport chain); nucleic acids (nucleotides, DNA vs RNA, phosphodiester bond, 5' 3' ends, antiparallel double helix, histones, nucleosome, secondary structure, RNA).
Fundamentals of molecular genetics: Central dogma of molecular biology (information flow DNA-RNA protein); structure of genomic DNA, chromosomes and genes; DNA replication; DNA damage and repair mechanisms;
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