| Objectives |
The students can describe the structure of RNA and the RNA classes. They understand the processes of transcription and translation, RNA processing, gene expression and epigenetics. They know the mechanisms, effects and differences of gene mutations, polymorphisms and of somatic and germline mutations.
The students understand the biological basics of cells and the differences between prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses. They can explain the structure and function of the cell nucleus and organelles. They understand mobility and know the structure of the cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane. They can describe the membrane transport mechanisms and the chemical communication in or between the cells. They are able to explain the functions of cell division and cell growth and understand the topics of stem cells, apoptosis, necrosis and cancer.
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| Subject |
Structure of RNA; RNA classes; transcription and translation; the genetic code; RNA processing (capping, splicing, polyadenylation, RNA editing); gene expression; epigenetics; gene mutations; polymorphisms; somatic and germline mutations.
Cell (structure, function); prokaryotes, eukaryotes, viruses; nucleus (structure and function, 3D organisation of the genome, nuclear pores); organelles (structure and function of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, lysosomes/peroxisomes, cytosol); Mobility and cytoskeleton (structure and function of microtubules, actin, intermediate filaments); plasma membrane (structure and function of lipid bilayer, membrane proteins and polysaccharides, channel proteins, excitation conduction); membrane transport mechanisms (exocytosis/endocytosis); chemical communication within or between cells; cell division (mitosis, meiosis, recombination); cell growth; stem cells; apoptosis; necrosis; cancer.
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